Titanic submarine 'implosion' may have been caused by 'micro-buckling', expert claims

dailyrecord.co.uk:

The doomed Titan submarine may have imploded due to "micro-buckling" after multiple dives eroded its exterior, an expert has claimed.OceanGate's chief executive Stockton Rush and four of his passengers, including British adventurer Hamish Harding, 58, were killed at sea in the tragedy after their submarine imploded while on its way to explore the wreck of the Titanic.The submersible went missing with five people on board on June 18, 2023 and sparked a worldwide search for paying passengers.

However, the vessel had imploded just hours into the trip, killing everyone after it was found 13,000ft down at the bottom of the ocean - 370 miles off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.But now in a new paper in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), researchers at the University of Houston believe "micro-buckling" in the hull of the Titan may have caused it to collapse under pressure.They studied how thin-wall structures can buckle as a result of tiny imperfections in their materials."[Titan's] integrity may have been compromised by the damage to the material used for its hull that accumulated during the many trips it took prior to collapse", research lead and professor of civil and environmental engineering Roberto Ballarini said."The material used for the Titan's hull was a carbon fiber composite.

It is well known that under compression loading the fibers in such composites are susceptible to micro-buckling and that they may delaminate from the matrix that surrounds them."If the Titan's hull experienced such damage under the extreme compressive pressures it experienced during its dives, then its stiffness and strength would have significantly decreased, and together with the inevitable geometric